Early in the 17th century, Johannes Kepler established, from actual observations of the positions of the planets in the sky, three laws of planetary motion.
A Mersenne number is an integer of the form $2^p-1$ where $p$ is a prime.
$x$ and $y$ are unequal positive integers. Prove that $xy$ does not divide x^2 +y^2$.
\begin{align*}
1+\cos(x) & = 1 + (1-\sin^2(x))^{1/2} \\
(1+\cos(x))^2 & = \left\{1 + (1-\sin^2(x))^\frac{1}{2}\right\}^2 \\
\end{align*}
Let $x=\pi$.
Suppose you have two glasses; one contains water and the other contains the same amount of cordial.
J151 (i) Prove that if $k$ is not a prime then neither is $2^k-1$
J141 The real numbers $a,b$ and $c$ are such that $$a^2 + 4b^2 + 9c^2 = 2ab + 6bc + 3ca.$$ Prove that $$a = 2b = 3c.$$